Carbonless.org - Other Patents

carbonless.org
Carbonless Copy Paper Injury and Information Network

Other Patents Page

Listing of Patent Numbers associated with production of CCP

Appleton Papers Inc. Patents that reference Formaldehyde as one of the chemical components:

4,490,313
4,470,059
4,444,699
4,188,456
4,166,644
4,165,103
4,165,102
4,100,103
4,089,802
4,087,376
4,082,688
4,001,140

More Appleton Papers Inc. Patents that list Formaldehyde is used:

6,592,990 4,470,057

6,566,301 4,454,083

6,660,687 4,334,072

6,544,926 4,299,411

6,559,097 4,290,933

6,429,341 4,275,905

6,395,681 4,275,206

6,310,002 4,246,318

5,955,398 4,242,513

5,821,196 4,232,887

5,668,080 4,230,514

5,427,886 4,217,162

5,340,680 4,211,437

5,330,566 4,197,346

5,229,522

5,164,357

5,164,356

5,157,012

5,124,307

5,114,903

5,086,171

5,041,547

5,039,821

5,001,105

4,996,328

4,970,308

4,910,183

4,895,827

4,873,219

4,870,047

4,837,210

4,820,683

4,794,102

4,675,707

4,675,706

4,675,249

4,596,996

4,586,061

4,552,811

4,551,739

4,535,347

4,520,397

4,470,058

http://patft.uspto.gov/ Under Patent Number will give the patents

on the above referenced.

Moore Business Forms, Inc. patents that use formaldehyde.

5,726,120 4,943,554

5,922,641 4,785,048

5,622,781 4,636,818

5,605,725 4,626,471

5,545,483 4,599,271

5,437,925 4,495,509

5,330,959 4,366,188

5,304,587 4,209,188

5,294,513 4,062,567

5,015,527

Canadian Patents

CCPIIN has discovered several US manufacturers have patents for carbonless copy paper in other countries. Here is a partial list,

additions will be made weekly. Those with Formaldehyde will have

an F and Biocide/pesticides a B, G for Glutaraldehyde.

Canadian Moore Business Forms, Inc.

1,026,789 F 2,007,656 F

1,052,195 F 1,057,139

1,241,838 1,309,251

1,312,891 2,170,702 F

1,055,987 2,054,032 F

1,300,987 1,093,602

2,107,954 2,080,739

2,059,851 1,326,765 F

2,076,561 F B 2,012,296 F

2,112,012 F G 2,103,091 F G

1,036,874 F

Canadian Appleton Papers

1,141,541 F 1,222,627

1,222,167 F 1,202,833 F

1,192,400 F 1,188,164 F

1,139,942 F 2,385,221 F

2,326,003 F 2,092,232 F

1,272,076 F 1,258,583 F

1,123,601 F 1,122,006 F

1,120,183 F 1,120,182 F

1,118,205 F 1,108,944 F

1,108,943 F 1,099,512 F

1,333,523 F 1,221,836

1,202,454 1,139,941 F

1,108,942 F

European Patents

0,338,808

1,300,987 F

You can view or search Canadian Patents at

http://patents1.ic.gc.ca/srch_help-e.html

Wiggins Teape Limited and Wiggins Teape Group Limited

U.S. Patents (F) Formaldehyde, (G) Gluteraldehyde (S) Scotchban

listed in patent.

4,038,445 (F) 4,105,823 (F) 4,396,670 (F)

4,165,398 (F)(G)(S) 4,223,060 (F) (S) 4,612,556 (F)**

4,387,117 (F) 4,391,850 (F) 4,435,004 (F)

6,509,295 6,103,662 (F) 4,458,922 (F)

4,462,616 (F) 4,509,065 (F) 4,517,285 (F)

4,537,797 (F) 4,567,498 (F) 4,574,294 (F)

4,851,384 (F) 5,035,844 (F)(G) 5,143,891 (F)

5,177,051 (F) 5,190,909 (F) 5,206,380 (F)

5,281,266 (F) 5,464,803 (F)(G) 5,472,489 (F)(G)

4,925,530 (Biocides & sizing agents)

** Patent states, "One of the problems with this type of microcapsule is that free formaldehyde is evolved during the capsule manufacture. The same problem can arise even with capsules produced by coacervation if formaldehyde solution is used as a hardening agent and/or a preservative. This free formaldehyde is undesireable from the users' point of view due to the unpleasant odor and irritant effects of the formaldehyde, particularly when the microcapsule suspension is incorporated into a coating mix prior to coating onto a sheet material."

U.S. Patent 5,880,064 Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd

Carbonless pressure-sensitive copying paper

Excerts from patent:

"In the present invention, further, a fatty acid ester solvent may be used in combination with MCT. The fatty acid ester solvent causes less unpleasant odors and is environmentally safe as compared with aromatic solvents such as diarylethane, alkylbiphenyl, alkylterphenyl, alkylnaphthalene, triaryl methane, diphenylalkane, hydroanthracene, hydrophenanthrene and dibenzyltoluene, which are known as solvents for conventional carbonless pressure-sensitive copying paper. "

From this patent, "The coating liquid is prepared by adding known various aids such as a binder and a pigment in addition to the color developer and adding a dispersing agent, a surfactant, an ultraviolet absorbent, a fluorescent brightener, a thickener and an anti-foaming agent as required, and the coating liquid is applied to a substrate sheet with any one of the above coater. "

Patent states, "The solvent enclosed in microcapsules used in a conventional carbonless pressure-sensitive copying paper has a slight odor at room temperature, and when the carbonless pressure-sensitive copying paper is heated at the time of heat-fixing a toner with an electrophotographic non-impact printer, it tends to generate a fierce odor. MCT or the fatty acid ester solvent used in the present invention is free of an odor at room temperature and generates almost no odor at the time of heat-fixing a toner with an electrophotographic non-impact printer.
"The odor, even if it is slight, is keenly perceived and decreases the working performance. The present invention can provide the carbonless pressure-sensitive copying paper which is suitable for keeping a good condition of a working environment with an electrophotographic non-impact printer."

..........."As bottom sheets, commercially available carbonless pressure-sensitive copying paper bottom sheets (supplied by Arjo Wiggins Appleton) using an inorganic color developer formed from clay minerals as a raw material and paper bottom sheets (Mitsubishi NCR paper HP-N40 bottom, supplied by Mitsubishi Paper Mills, Ltd.)."....

The following Appleton Papers Inc. patents reference, cite or use
the process or components in patent 4,100,103:
4,197,346 4,546,365 5,039,821 6,774,063
4,232,887 4,551,739 5,041,547
4,242,513 4,552,811 5,086,171
4,275,206 4,573,063 5,157,012

US Patent 4,100,103 Capsule Manufacture
NCR Corporation, assignee, Inventors Foris, et al of Appleton, WI.
Discloses under the Summery section: "A few of the materials which can be
utilized as capsule internal phases include, among a multitude of others: water-
insoluble or substantially water-insoluble liquids, such as...... xylene, toluene,
kerosene, chlorinated biphenyl and methyl salicylate;........... fibrous materials,
such as cellulose or asbestos; .................; reactants; biocidal
compositions;......."
Also cites using Formaldehyde.

US Patent 4,001,140 Capsule Manufacture 1977, filed 1974
assignee, NCR Corporation, Inventors Foris et al. Appleton, WI
Summary: "Material contained by capsule walls of this invention,
i.e., the capsular internal phase or capsule core material, ........ can be any
material which is substantially water-insoluble and which does not interact with
the intended capsule wall material, or with other encapsulating-system
components .......... A few of the materials which can be utilized as capsule
internal phases include, among a multitude of others: water-insoluble or
substantially water-insoluble liquids,........., xylene, toluene, kerosene, chlorinated
biphenyl, and methyl salicylate; ............; water-insoluble metallic oxides and
salts; fibrous materials, such as cellulose or asbestos; water-insoluble synthetic
polymeric materials; ....... elemental materials; including.........., reactants;
biocidal compositions; ..........and the like. "

Mentions formaldehyde is also used.

US Patent 4,087,376 Capsule manufacture 1978 filed 1976
assignee, NCR Corporation, Inventors Foris, et al Appleton, WI
"Summary of Invention".....................
Cites, "Material contained within the capsule walls formed in accordance with
this invention, i.e., the capsular internal phase or capsule core material, ....... A
few of the materials which can be utilized as capsule internal phases include,
among a multitude of others.............., xylene, toluene, kerosene, chlorinated
biphenyl, and methyl salicylate; ..........; water-insoluble metallic oxides and salts;
fibrous materials, such as cellulose or asbestos; water-insoluble synthetic......;
elemental materials including .......; reactants; biocidal compositions; ........; and
the like. "
Uses formaldehyde.

US Patent 4,089,802 Capsule manufacture 1978 filed 1976
assignee, NCR Corporation, Inventors, Foris, et al Appleton, WI
"Summary of Invention"
States, " Material contained within the capsule walls formed in accordance with
this invention, i.e., the capsular internal phase or capsule core material, ............
A few of the materials which can be utilized as capsule internal phases include,
among a multitude of others :............, xylene, toluene, kerosene, chlorinated
biphenyl, and methyl salicylate................. fibrous materials, such as cellulose or
asbestos; water-insoluble synthetic polymeric materials; ........; elemental
materials including solids, ........; reactants; biocidal compositions; ............. and
the like. "
Cites using Formaldehyde.

The following Appleton Papers Inc. patents reference, cite or use
the process or components in patent 4,100,103:
4,197,346 4,546,365 5,039,821 6,774,063
4,232,887 4,551,739 5,041,547
4,242,513 4,552,811 5,086,171
4,275,206 4,573,063 5,157,012
4,275,206 4,596,996 5,229,522
4,275,905 4,610,727 5,330,566
4,299,411 4,675,249 5,340,680
4,334,072 4,675,706 5,427,886
4,444,699 4,837,210 6,310,002
4,450,043 4,873,219 6,395,681
4,454,083 4,910,183 6,517,648
4,470,058 4,970,308 6,544,926
4,490,313 4,996,328 6,592,990
4,540,998 5,001,105 6,660,687

The following Appleton Papers Inc. patents reference, cite, use
the process or components in patent 4,001,140
4,197,346 4,552,811 5,086,171 6,774,063
4,211,437 4,596,996 5,157,012
4,217,162 4,675,249 5,229,522
4,230,514 4,675,706 5,330,566
4,232,887 4,837,210 5,340,680
4,242,513 4,873,219 5,427,886
4,275,206 4,880,766 5,672,434
4,275,905 4,910,183 5,866,269
4,290,933 4,970,308 6,310,002
4,299,411 4,996,328 6,395,681
4,334,072 5,001,105 6,517,648
4,450,043 5,030,281 6,544,926
4,470,058 5,039,821 6,592,990
4,490,313 5,041,547 6,660,687

The following Appleton Papers Inc. patents reference, cite, use
the process or components in patent 4,087,376
4,197,346 6,517,648
4,275,905 6,544,926
4,450,043 6,592,990
4,490,313 6,774,063
4,552,811
4,675,249
5,330,566
5,672,434
5,866,269
6,310,002

The following Appleton Papers Inc. patents reference, cite, use
the process or components in patent 4,089,802
4,197,346 5,340,680
4,275,905 5,427,886
4,450,043 6,310,002
4,490,313 6,517,648
4,552,811 6,544,926
4,596.996 6,592,990
4,675,249 6,660,687
4,675,706 6,774,063
4,873,219
5,330,566

Boise Cascade Corporation patents
5,225,118*1
5,324,584
6,406,594**
6,494,991
4,016,207
4,082,743
4,874,521
5,032,286

*1 states, "Finally, it is preferable that reagents used to produce the suspension of microcapsules, as well as the CCP itself, be relatively safe and not pose a toxicological risk to the worker or consumer. states use of surfactants and stabilizers."
*2 states,"Other materials commonly used to form cellulosic products also can be used to form the composite products of the present invention. Examples of such materials include, without limitation, starch, retention aids, biocides, fungicides, brightening agents, sizing agents, pigments, dyes, strength-enhancing polymers, alum, other fillers and pigments (TiO.sub.2, clay, talc, etc.), and mixtures thereof. These materials are added in amounts determined to enhance particular properties of cellulosic products, and such amounts are best determined with respect to the production of particular products."

all from public files at http://www.uspto.gov

Appleton Papers Inc.

Brown, et al. 4,873,219 October 10, 1989

Desensitizable self-contained record material useful for security documents and the like

"The photosensitive mirocapsules used in the present invention can be prepared by following the teachings in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,399,209 and 4,440,846***, both of which are incorporated by

reference. "

Mead Patent 4,440,846 is referenced in 352 patents.

*** Mead Patent referenced in Appleton Patent 4,873,219

Mead Corporation 4,440,846 April 3, 1984

Sanders , et al.

"In addition to the chromogenic material and the photosensitive material, the internal phase of the present invention may also include a carrier oil. Preferred carrier oils are weakly polar solvents having boiling points above 170.degree. C. and preferably in the range of 180.degree. C. to 300.degree. C. The carrier oils used in the present invention are typically those conventionally used in carbonless paper manufacture. These oils are generally characterized by their ability to dissolve Crystal Violet Lactone in a concentration of 0.5 wt % or more. However, a carrier oil is not always necessary. Whether a carrier oil should be used will depend on the solubility of the chromogenic material in the photosensitive composition before exposure, the nature of the chromogenic material and the viscosity of the characteristics of the internal phase. When present, examples of carrier oils are alkylated biphenyls (e.g., monoisopropylbiphenyl), polychlorinated biphenyls, castor oil, mineral oil, deodorized kerosense, naphthenic mineral oils, dibutyl phthalate, brominated paraffin, dibutyl fumerate, and mixtures thereof. Alkylated biphenyls are generally less toxic and preferred. "

"An internal phase as described above can be encapsulated in a conventional manner. Oil soluble chromogenic materials have been encapsulated in hydrophilic wall-forming materials such as gelatin wall-forming materials (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,730,456 and 2,800,457 to Green et al) including gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl-cellulose; resorcinol-formaldehyde wall-formers (see U.S. Pat. No. 3,755,190 to Hart et al), isocyanate wall-formers (see U.S. Pat. No. 3,914,511 to Vassiliades) isocyanate-polyol wall-formers (see U.S. Pat. No. 3,796,669 to Kiritani et al) urea formaldehyde wall-formers and more particularly urea-resorcinol formaldehyde wall forms (in which oleophilicity is enhanced by the addition of resorcinol) (see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,001,140; 4,087,376 and 4,089,802 to Foris et al) melamine-formaldehyde resin and hydroxypropyl cellulose (see commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,025,455 to Shackle). To the extent necessary for complete disclosure of these wall-forming materials, the above mentioned patents are specifically incorporated by reference. Microencapsulation has been accomplished by a variety of known techniques including coacervation, interfacial polymerization, polymerization of one or more monomers in an oil, as well as various melting, dispersing and cooling methods."
....................................

"The developer materials used in the present invention are those conventionally employed in carbonless paper technology and are well known. Illustrative specific examples are clay minerals such as acid clay, active clay, attapulgite, etc.; organic acids such as tannic acid, gallic acid, propyl gallate, etc.; acid polymers such as phenol-formaldehyde resins, phenol acetylene condensation resins, condensates between an organic carboxylic acid having at least one hydroxy group and formaldehyde, etc.; metal salts or aromatic carboxylic acids such as zinc salicylate, tin salicylate, zinc 2-hydroxy naphthoate, zinc 3,5 di-tert butyl salicylate, oil soluble metal salts of phenol-formaldehyde novolak resins (e.g., see U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,672,935; 3,732,120 and 3,737,410) such as zinc modified oil soluble phenol-formaldehyde resin as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,732,120), zinc carbonate, etc. and mixtures thereof. Again, to the extent necessary for complete disclosure of these materials, the above noted patents are specifically incorporated by reference. One developer commonly employed is a combination of kaolin and phenolic resin. "

Note: Some CCP manufacturers sell recycled deinked pulp.

Carbonless Copy Paper Injury and Information Network
/patents.php
Last modified: July 21 2006, 05:01pm