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Authors:
Band PR, Le ND, Fang R.,
Threlfall WJ, Astrakianakis G, Anderson JTL, Keefe A, Krewski D..
Source:American
Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 146, No. 2, pages 186-194, 42
references, 1997
ABSTRACT:
"A study of cancer
mortality among workers in the British Columbia (BC)
pulp and
paper
industry
was conducted. The cohort consisted of 3,157 males employed for
at least 1 year (yr) on January 1, 1950 or later at 14
pulp and
paper
mills in BC. A total of 20,373 workers worked in facilities that
utilized the kraft process, 5,249 worked in facilities using the
sulfite process, and 4,535 were employed in facilities that used
both processes. The subjects were followed until the end of
December 1991 at which time their vital status was determined.
Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for causes of death of the
decedents were computed using mortality rates of the general
male Canadian population as the reference. In the total cohort,
4,074 deaths from all causes occurred, yielding an SMR of 0.92,
a significantly decreased risk. A total of 1,052 cancer deaths,
representing an SMR of 1.02, occurred. Deaths from cancer of the
esophagus, pleura, kidneys, and eyes were significantly
increased, SMRs of 1.37, 2.65, 1.40, and 3.41, respectively.
These risks were increased in workers who were employed at the
facilities for more than 15yr. Among workers employed
exclusively in the kraft process, 439 cancer deaths occurred,
SMR 0.94. Mortality from cancers of the pleura and bone was
nonsignificantly increased, SMRs 2.51 and 2.23, respectively.
These excess risks were present for work durations longer than
15yr. For workers employed in the sulfite process only, 351
cancer deaths occurred, SMR 1.15, a significantly increased
risk. Mortality from cancers of the pancreas, lung, and brain
was significantly increased, SMRs 1.56, 1.32, and 1.72,
respectively. When work durations of 15yr or longer were
considered, these SMRs decreased. A significantly increased risk
for Hodgkin's disease, however, was now detected, SMR 4.79. For
workers employed in both the kraft and sulfite processes, 262
cancer deaths occurred, yielding an SMR of 1.8. Mortality from
nonHodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) was significantly increased, SMR
1.71. Mortality from esophagus, gallbladder, and kidney cancer
was nonsignificantly increased, SMRs 1.77, 1.86, and 1.56,
respectively. These associations did not vary with duration of
employment. The authors conclude that employment in the
pulp and
paper
industry
appears to be associated with increased risks for esophageal,
pleural, kidney, brain, and gallbladder cancer, NHL, and
Hodgkin's disease. These may be related to exposures to
carcinogens such as asbestos (1332214), biocides, formaldehyde
(50000), and hypochlorites."
Keywords:
DCN-241341, Malignant
neoplasms ,
Pulp
industry,
Paper mills
,
Epidemiology,
Mortality
data,
Risk
analysis,
Industrial
processes
CAS Registry Numbers:
1332-21-4
1332-21-4
50-00-0
Coden: AJEPAS
Entry Month: October,
1998
Year of Publication:
1997
Secondary Source ID:
NIOSH/00240916
Document Number: NIOSH/00240916
Link to Pub Med
1: Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2004
Feb;207(2):159-63.
Related Articles,Links
Effect of exposure to volatile organic compounds on plasma levels
of neuropeptides, nerve growth factor and histamine in
patients with self-reported multiple chemical sensitivity.
Kimata H.
Department of Allergy, Ujitakeda Hospital, 24-1, Umonji, Uji, Uji-City,
Kyoto Prefecture, 611-0021, Japan.
unitikah@m12.alphanet.ne.jp
Plasma levels of substance P, vasoactive
intestinal peptide and nerve growth factor, but not histamine,
were elevated in
patients with self-reported multiple chemical sensitivity (sMCS).
Exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOC) increased
plasma levels of all parameters in these patients, while it had
no effect in normal subjects or patients with atopic
eczema/ dermatitis syndrome (AEDS). Exposure to VOC also enhanced
skin wheal responses induced by histamine in patients
with sMCS, while it failed to do so in normal or AEDS subjects.
These results indicate that exposure to VOC may enhance
neurogenic inflammation with concomitant enhancement of
histamine-induced responses.
PMID: 15031958 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Link to Pub Med
1: Brain Res. 2004 Jul
2;1013(1):107-16.
Related Articles,Links
Effect of prolonged exposure to low concentrations of
formaldehyde on the corticotropin releasing hormone neurons in the
hypothalamus and adrenocorticotropic hormone cells in the
pituitary gland in female mice.
Sari DK, Kuwahara S, Tsukamoto Y, Hori H, Kunugita N, Arashidani
K, Fujimaki H, Sasaki F.
Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Graduate School of Agriculture
and Biological Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University,
Gakuen-cho 1-1, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531 Japan.
We examine the effect on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland
(HPA) axis of prolonged exposure to low levels of
formaldehyde in female C3H/He mice, using immunocytochemical and
RT-PCR methods. Two groups of female mice were exposed
to differing concentrations (0, 80, 400, 2000 ppb) of
formaldehyde inhalation for 16 h/day, 5 days/week, for 12 weeks.
The corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)-immunoreactive (ir)
neurons in the hypothalamus were then examined, together
with the adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)-ir cells and ACTH
mRNA in the pituitary. One group comprised sham control
mice. The other group was made allergic by injection of ovalbumin
(OVA) and alum prior to exposure to formaldehyde,
since most sick building syndrome (SBS) sufferers are women with
allergic disease. These animals were further exposed to
aerosolized OVA as a booster four times during the exposure
period. Our results showed a dose- dependent increase in the
number of CRH-ir neurons in the non-allergy (NAG) group. A
similar pattern was found in ACTH-ir cells and ACTH mRNA. The
allergy (AG) model group showed an increase in basal levels of
all markers of HPA activity. Moreover, the AG mice
appeared to respond to the lowest concentration of formaldehyde,
and all indices of HPA activity were reduced at the
highest concentrations of formaldehyde. These results relate to
an important clinical issue and also have implications
in the broader area of HPA regulation. We conclude that our
experimental system may be a suitable animal model for SBS
and/or multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS).
PMID: 15196973 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE
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