|
Appearance and Odour: Pale yellow, odourless, solid flakes.(40)
Odour
Threshold: Odourless.
- Warning Properties: Information not available for evaluation.
- Composition/Purity: Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBPA) is made by
- reacting epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A.
DGEBPA-based epoxy resins are
- complex mixtures containing varying
amounts of the low molecular weight
- polymers (monomer, dimers, trimers and
tetramers) (CAS 25068-38-6);
- homopolymers of DGEBPA (CAS 25085-99-8);
or higher molecular weight
- polymer of DGEBPA (CAS
25036-25-3).(9,33-36) It is important to note that
- some suppliers/manufacturers do use the
monomer CAS Registry Number
- (1675-54-3) for products that are actually
complex DGEBPA-based epoxy resin
- mixtures. Interpretation and evaluation of
the information on DGEBPA and
- DGEBPA-based epoxy resins is complicated
by the fact that these materials
- are complex mixtures; it is not always
clear exactly which material is being
- studied; and the CAS Registry Numbers and
names of the materials are, at
- times, used interchangeably. This
CHEMINFO profile reviews information
- available for low molecular weight
solid DGEBPA-based epoxy resins
- (CAS 25068-38-6 or 25085-99-8; molecular
weight 600-1400). When available
- and as applicable, the exact
material studied is identified by its specific trade
- name. For information on low molecular
weight liquid DGEBPA-based epoxy
- resin mixtures (CAS 25068-38-6 or
25085-99-8; molecular weight 560 or less),
- medium to high molecular weight solid
DGEBPA-based epoxy resin mixtures
- (CAS 25036-25-3, molecular weight
1400-8000), or on pure DGEBPA
- monomer (CAS 1675-54-3) refer to the
applicable CHEMINFO review. In many
- cases, other ingredients, such as curing
agents, additives, solvents, reactive
- diluents, fillers and other common epoxy
formulating agents, will also be
- present in epoxy resin mixtures. These
ingredients may contribute significantly
- to the physical properties and overall
hazards of the product. For specific
- information on the product you are
using, consult the manufacturer/supplier for
- advice.
- Uses and Occurrences: Epoxy resins based on glycidyl ethers are used in
- protective coatings, including waterborne
coatings, solventless coatings, high
- solids coatings and powder coatings,
decorative and protective coatings for
- automobiles, coal tar pitch modified
coatings, reinforced plastics, structural
- composites, including pipes, vessels,
electrical, aerospace and sporting goods
- applications; electrical laminates,
moulding components, bonding materials
- and adhesives, sealants, patching
compounds, flooring, paving and
- aggregates, tins and closures, boats and
ships, appliances, piping and
- miscellaneous metal decoration,
fibre-reinforced laminates, encapsulants and
- grouting compounds, tooling, casting and
moulding resins.(9,33)
-
Section 3. Hazards Identification
EMERGENCY OVERVIEW: Pale yellow, odourless, solid flakes.
COMBUSTIBLE DUST. Causes eye irritation.
SKIN SENSITIZER. May cause
severe allergic skin reaction
Potential Health Effects
Effects of Short Term Acute
Exposure:
Inhalation:
For most workers, exposure to low molecular
weight solid DGEBPA-based
epoxy resins is probably not harmful
following short-term exposure, based on
limited animal information. High
concentrations of dust may cause coughing
and mild,
temporary irritation. In very rare cases, low molecular weight solid
DGEBPA-based epoxy resins may cause an
allergic respiratory reaction like
asthma, based on limited human information.
Refer to "Effects of Long-term
(Chronic) Exposure" for more
information.
Skin Contacts:
Low molecular
weight solid DGEBPA-based epoxy resins are not irritating to
the skin, based
on animal information. Low molecular weight DGEBPA-based
epoxy resins are
well known skin sensitizers, based on animal and human
information.
These materials can cause a severe allergic skin reaction in
sensitized
individuals, even following very brief contact. Refer to "Effects of
Long-term
(Chronic) Exposure" for more information.
Based on limited animal
toxicity data, low molecular weight solid DGEBPA-
based epoxy
resins are probably not absorbed through the skin in harmful
amounts.
Eye
Contacts:
Low molecular weight solid DGEBPA-based epoxy resins
are moderate eye
irritants, based on animal information. Some
tearing, blinking and mild,
temporary pain may occur as the solid material
is rinsed from the eye by tears.
Ingestion:
There is no human
information available. Animal toxicity information suggests
that low molecular weight
solid DGEBPA-based epoxy resins are not
harmful
following ingestion.
Ingestion is not a typical route of occupational
exposure. Effects of Long Term (Chronic)
Exposure:
Respiratory Sensitization:
In a very small number of cases
(three people), low molecular weight
DGEBPA-based epoxy resins have
caused respiratory sensitization in
humans occupationally exposed to
these compounds.(17,20,53) People
who develop respiratory
sensitization can experience symptoms of bronchial
asthma such as wheezing,
difficult breathing, sneezing and runny or blocked
nose following exposure to low
airborne concentrations that have no effect on
unsensitized
people.
Skin Sensitization:
Repeated skin contact can cause allergic skin
sensitization in certain
individuals. Once a person is sensitized to
DGEBPA-based epoxy resins,
contact with even a small amount causes outbreaks of
dermatitis with
symptoms such as skin redness, itching, rash and
swelling. This reaction can
spread
from the point of contact (usually the hands or arms) to other parts of
the
body.Numerous cases of allergic contact
dermatitis have been reported in
people
occupationally exposed to low molecular weight DGEBPA-based
epoxy
resins
and in animal studies following exposure to pure DGEBPA and low
molecular weight DGEBPA-based epoxy resins. Low
molecular weight resins
appear
to be the true sensitizers.(13-19,27,28,46-52)
In one study, 139 cases
of allergic contact dermatitis following occupational
exposure with epoxy resins and positive patch test
results from DGEBPA-based
epoxy resin (low molecular weight) were
reported. Of this group, 6 patients had
been
occupationally exposed to DGEBPA-based epoxy resins with a high
average molecular weight (greater than 700). All 6 of
these patients tested
positive to the standard epoxy resin (molecular weight
340).(14)
Thirty-four patients who had developed occupational contact
dermatitis
following exposure to low molecular weight epoxy
resins were patch tested
with
DGEBPA-based epoxy resins of various molecular weights. All 34
patients
tested with an epoxy resin with a molecular
weight of 340 gave positive
reactions. None of the 23 patients tested with an
epoxy resin with a molecular
weight
of 624 or 908 gave a positive reaction, nor did any of 7 patients tested
with
the molecular weight 1192 resin. All 8 patients tested with resins with
average molecular weights of 1280 and 1850 showed
positive reactions.
These
higher molecular weight resins were later found to contain small amounts
of
resin with a molecular weight of 340. Previous history of allergies was
not
discussed for any of the
patients.(16)
Endocrine System:
Firm conclusions cannot be drawn from one study that
also involved exposure
to organic solvents. In this study, 42 male epoxy
sprayers who worked with
hardening agents containing 10-30% DGEBPA for at least
3 hrs/day
(duration unspecified) were compared to 82 unexposed
controls. Exposure
was to DGEBPA with mixed organic solvents including
toluene, xylene,
2-ethoxyethanol, 2-butoxyethanol and methyl isobutyl
ketone. Urinary
concentrations of bisphenol A (a metabolite of DGEBPA)
were increased
and plasma FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
concentrations were
decreased, but still within the normal range. Plasma
testosterone and LH
(Luteinizing Hormone) levels were normal. The authors
speculated that
bisphenol A may interfere with pituitary FSH
secretion, but the clinical
importance of the reported findings remains
unclear.(32)
OTHER EFFECTS: Skin
irritation and rashes, muscle and joint disorders and
central nervous system and respiratory disturbances
have been reported in
workers exposed to DGEBPA-based epoxy resins, as well
as several other
potentially harmful chemicals.(10,11,28,29) It is not
possible to say that only
the DGEBPA-based epoxy resins caused any of these
effects, because of the
exposures to other potentially harmful chemicals at
the same time.
Carcinogenicity:
There if no human information available. The
International Agency for Research
on Cancer (IARC) has determined that there is
limited evidence for the
carcinogenicity of DGEBPA in experimental
animals.(9,45)
The International Agency for Research on
Cancer (IARC) has concluded that
this chemical is not classifiable as to its
carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).
The American Conference of Governmental
Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has
no listing for this chemical.
The US National Toxicology Program (NTP) has
not listed this chemical in its
report on carcinogens.
Teratogenicity and Embryotoxicity:
in animal studies following oral or skin
exposure to pure DGEBPA or low
molecular weight DGEBPA-based epoxy resins,
even in the presence of
significant toxicity in the mothers.
Reproductive Toxicity:
There is no human
information available. No reproductive effects were
observed in one
animal study following oral exposure to low molecular weight
DGEBPA-based epoxy
resins.
Mutagenicity:
Most of the available information suggests that low
molecular weight DGEBPA-
based epoxy resins are not mutagenic. Negative results
were obtained in two
studies with a small number of workers who were
exposed to DGEBPA-based
epoxy resins.(24,25) No conclusions can be drawn from
one other study due to
insufficient information.(2) Negative results were
also obtained in cultured
human lymphocytes tested with an unspecified
DGEBPA-based epoxy resin
and "distilled" DGEBPA.(26) Negative results have been
obtained in tests
involving live animals. Positive results have been
obtained in cultured
mammalian cells and bacteria.
Toxicologically Synergistic
Materials:
There is no human or animal
information available.
Section 4 First Aid
Measures
Inhalation:
If symptoms develop, remove source of
contamination or have victim move
to
fresh air and obtain medical advice
immediately.
Skin
Contact:
This material is a skin sensitizer. Avoid
direct contact. Wear chemical
protective clothing, if necessary. As
quickly as possible, remove contaminated
clothing, shoes and leather goods (e.g.
watchbands, belts). Quickly and gently
blot or brush away excess chemical. Wash
gently and thoroughly with water and
non-abrasive soap for 20 minutes or until
the chemical is removed. Obtain
medical advice immediately. Discard
contaminated clothing, shoes and
leather
goods. Do not re-use.
- Eye
Contact:
- Avoid direct contact. Wear chemical
protective gloves, if necessary. Quickly
- and gently blot or brush away excess
chemical. Do not allow victim to rub
- eye(s). Let the eye(s) water naturally for
a few minutes. Have victim look right
- and left, and then up and down. If
particle/dust does not dislodge, flush with
- lukewarm, gently flowing water for at
least 5 minutes or until particle/dust is
- removed, while holding the eyelid(s) open.
If irritation persists, obtain medical
- attention. DO NOT attempt to manually
remove anything stuck to the eyes.
- Ingestion: If irritation or discomfort occur, obtain medical
attention immediately.
- First Aid
Comments:
- Provide general supportive measures
(comfort, warmth, rest).
Consult a doctor and/or the nearest Poison
Control Centre for all exposures
- except minor instances of inhalation or
skin contact.
All first aid procedures should be periodically
reviewed by a doctor familiar
- with the material and its conditions of
use in the workplace.
NOTE: DGEBPA-based epoxy resins often contain
other ingredients which
- may contribute significantly to the
overall toxicity of the product. The overall
- hazards of the product, e.g. potential
aspiration hazards of the solvent
- component, must be considered when
developing first aid guidelines.
Section 5. Fire Fighting
Measures
Flash Point:
Not applicable
Lower Flammable (Explosive) Limit
(LFL/LEL):
Not applicable
Upper Flammable (Explosive) Limit
(UFL/UEL):
Not applicable
Autoignition (Ignition) Temperature:
Not applicable
Sensitivity to Mechanical Impact:
Not sensitive. Stable material.
Sensitivity to Static Charge:
Under certain conditions, airborne epoxy
resin dust can explode when
ignited by an electrostatic spark or other
ignition source.(37,38,39)
Potential for Dust Explosions:
Under certain conditions, a dust cloud of
epoxy resin may explode when
ignited by a spark or flame. See references
37 and 38 for a list of the
main ignition sources of sufficient energy
to cause a dust explosion. When
evaluating the explosion hazard of a
specific process or sample of material,
the important factors to consider include:
particle size and shape, dust
concentration, the nature of any impurities,
oxygen concentration, humidity,
and extent of containment.(37) The following
information is for solid
DGEBPA-based epoxy resins. However,
the molecular weight was not
specified and it is not known if the
materials had low or medium to high
molecular weights.
Ignition Sensitivity:
12.4 (epoxy with no catalyst, modifier or
additive); 3.8 (epoxy-bisphenol A
mixture) (37)
Explosion Severity:
2.7 (epoxy with no catalyst, modifier or
additive); 0.5 (epoxy-bisphenol A
mixture) (37)
Explosibility Index:
The Explosibility Index is greater than 10
for epoxy resins in general, which
do not contain catalysts, modifiers or
additives. This value indicates that
a "severe" explosion could occur. This
hazard rating index considers both
ignition sensitivity (ignition temperature,
concentration, etc.) and explosion
severity (explosion pressure, rate of
pressure rise). The Explosibility Index
for epoxy-bisphenol A mixtures is 1.9, which
indicates that a "strong"
explosion could occur.(37)
Minimum Ignition Temperature (Cloud):
490 deg C (914 deg F) (38,39); 510 deg C
(950 deg F)
(epoxy-bisphenol A mixture) (37); 540 deg C
(1004 deg F) (epoxy with no
catalyst, modifier or additive) (37)
Minimum Cloud Ignition Energy:
9 millijoules (mJ) (38,39); 15 mJ (epoxy
with no catalyst, modifier or
additive) (37); 35 mJ (epoxy-bisphenol A
mixture) (37)
Maximum Explosion Pressure:
540 kPa (5.4 bar) (39); 648 kPa (94 psi)
(38); 648 kPa (94 psi)
(epoxy with no catalyst, modifier or
additive) (37); 586 kPa (85 psi)
(epoxy-bisphenol A mixture) (37)
Maximum Rate of Pressure Rise:
90200 kPa/s (902 bar/s) (39); 58600 kPa/s
(8500 psi/s) (38);
41370 kPa/s (6000 psi/s) (epoxy with no
catalyst, modifier or additive)
(37); 15169 kPa/s (2200 psi/s)
(epoxy-bisphenol A mixture) (37)
Combustion and Thermal Decomposition
Products:
Incomplete combustion or pyrolysis may
produce phenolics, and
possibly also aldehydes, acids and other
unidentified toxic organic
compounds.(40)
Fire Hazard Summary:
These epoxy resins will not burn, since they
decompose before igniting.
However, the thermal decomposition products
may be combustible and
during a fire, toxic/irritating compounds
may be formed. Decomposition
may occur under fire conditions and closed
containers can explode and
rupture violently if heated. In addition,
the presence of flammable or
combustible solvents in the epoxy resin
products constitute a fire and
explosion hazard and require special
precautions. Also, some of the
solvents, fillers and additives may form
hazardous decomposition
products in a fire. Under certain
conditions, a dust cloud of epoxy resin
may explode when ignited by a spark or
flame.
Extinguishing Media:
This epoxy resin does not burn. Use
extinguishing media suitable for the
surrounding fire. Carbon dioxide, dry
chemical powder, foam, water spray
or fog may be used.
- Fire Fighting Instructions:
- Evacuate area and fight fire from a safe
distance or a protected
- location. Approach fire from upwind to
avoid DGEBPA and its toxic
- decomposition products. Closed containers
may rupture violently
- when exposed to the heat of the fire and
suddenly release large
- amounts of products. Stay away from ends
of tanks, involved in fire,
- but be aware that flying material from
ruptured tanks may travel in
- any direction. If possible, isolate
materials not yet involved in the fire,
- and move containers from the fire area if
this can be done without risk,
- and protect personnel. Otherwise,
fire-exposed containers, tanks,
- equipment or pipelines should be cooled by
application of hose
- streams. Application should begin as soon
as possible (within the
- first several minutes) and should
concentrate on any unwetted
- portions of the container. Apply water
from the side and from a
- safe distance until well after the fire is
out. Cooling should continue
- until well after the fire is out. If this
is not possible, use unmanned
- monitor nozzles and immediately evacuate
the area. Avoid generating
- dust to minimize risk of explosion. Water
can be used in the form of
- spray or fog to prevent dust
formation.
- Protection of Fire Fighters:
- DGEBPA-based epoxy resins and their
thermal decomposition
- products are hazardous to health. Do not
enter without wearing
- specialized equipment suitable for the
situation. Firefighter’s normal
- protective clothing (Bunker Gear) will not
provide adequate protection.
- Chemical protective clothing (e.g.
chemical splash suit) and positive
- pressure self-contained breathing
apparatus (NIOSH approved or
- equivalent) may be necessary.
|
NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA) HAZARD
IDENTIFICATION |
- NFPA - Comments:
- NFPA has no listing for this
chemical in Codes 49 or 325.
Section 9. Physical and Chemical
properties
| Molecular Weight: |
600-1400
(33,34,42) |
www.biolreprod.org/cgi/
rapidpdf/biolreprod.104.029249v1.pdf
- Conversion Factor:
- Not applicable
| Melting Point: |
65-90 deg C (149-194 deg F)
(33,42) |
| Boiling Point: |
Not applicable |
| Relative Density
(Specific Gravity): |
1.19 at 25 deg C (water = 1)
(35) |
| Solubility in
Water: |
Negligible |
| Solubility in Other
Liquids: |
Soluble in acetone and
aromatic solvents such as benzene. |
| Coefficient of
Oil/Water Distribution (Partition Coefficient): |
Not available |
| pH Value: |
Not applicable |
| Viscosity-Dynamic: |
Not applicable |
| Surface Tension: |
Not applicable |
| Vapour Density: |
Not applicable |
| Vapour Pressure: |
Zero |
| Saturation Vapour
Concentration: |
Not applicable |
| Evaporation Rate: |
Not applicable |
| Henry\'s Law
Constant: |
Not
available |
- Other Physical Properties:
- METTLER SOFTENING POINT: 75-98 deg
C (167-208.4 deg F) (40)
-
Section 10. Stability and
reactivity
-
- Stability:
- Normally stable.
Decomposes at high temperatures.
- Hazardous
Polymerization:
- Information not
available.
- Incompatibility - Materials
to Avoid:
- STRONG OXIDIZING AGENTS
(e.g. peroxides, nitric acid, permanganates) - reaction
may be violent. Risk of fire and explosion.
STRONG
MINERAL ACIDS (e.g. sulfuric acid) or BASES (e.g. sodium
hydroxide) - may react vigorously with the evolution of
heat.
LEWIS ACIDS (e.g. boron trifluoride) or LEWIS
BASES (e.g. N,N- dimethylbenzylamine) - may cause
homopolymerization, with the evolution of
heat.(34,35)
AMINES (e.g. diethylenetriamine,
triethylenetetramine) - reactive curing
agents.(34,35)
- Hazardous Decomposition
Products:
- None reported.
- Conditions to Avoid:
- Generation of dust, heat,
open flames, electrostatic discharge, sparks, and other
ignition sources.
- Corrosivity to Metals:
- No information available.
Probably not corrosive to metals.
- Corrosivity to
Non-Metals:
- No information
available.
- Stability and Reactivity
Comments:
- Reactions with curing
agents may release considerable heat. Smoke or toxic
fumes may form if the heat of reaction becomes excessive
due to high curing temperatures or the curing of large
amounts of material.(40)
- Section 11. Toxicological Information
- LC50 (rat): greater than
791 mg/m3 (4-hour exposure) (EPON Resin 2002 dust;
molecular weight approximately 1300) (21)
- LD50 (oral, rat): 30000
mg/kg (EPON 1001; molecular weight 900) (29)
LD50
(oral, mouse): 20000 mg/kg (EPON 1001) (29)
- LD50 (dermal, rabbit):
greater than 23500 mg/kg (cited as 20 mL/kg) (an
unspecified commercial DGEBPA-based epoxy resin)
(1)
- Eye Irritation:
- Low molecular weight
solid DGEBPA-based epoxy resins are moderate
irritants.
- Application of 0.1 mL of
a 20% solution of a low molecular weight solid
DGEBPA-based epoxy resin (EPON 1001) in propylene
glycol produced moderate irritation
(41/110).(29)
- Skin Irritation:
- Low molecular weight
solid DGEBPA-based epoxy resins are not
irritating.
- A single 24-hour
application of an unspecified amount of a low
molecular weight solid DGEBPA-based epoxy resin (EPON
1001) produced no irritation (scored 0/8).(29) In
general, skin irritation decreases with increasing
molecular weight. Solid resins applied as solids are
non-irritating.(4,29)
- Effects of Short-Term
(Acute) Exposure:
|
- Inhalation:
- Rats exposed to the
concentrated vapour of an unspecified commercial
DGEBPA- based epoxy resin for 8 hours did not
die.(1) It is not possible to draw any conclusions
from this report because the epoxy resin and the
exposure concentration were not identified. Rats
were exposed to 150 mg/m3 of a solid DGEBPA-based
epoxy resin (Epikote dusting powder containing 60
parts weight of Epikote 1055) for 3 weeks. No
changes occurred to indicate any effect other than
that of a nuisance dust.(4, unconfirmed) It is not
known if this material was a low or medium to high
molecular weight solid.
- Ingestion:
- Signs observed in rats
in LD50 studies following ingestion of doses up to
30000 mg/kg of a low molecular weight solid
DGEBPA-based epoxy resin (EPON 1001) have included
moderate depression, slight difficulty breathing,
diarrhea and weight loss.(29)
|
- Effects of Long-Term
(Chronic) Exposure:
-
|
Ingestion:
No significant effects were
observed in male rats fed 0, 0.2, 1.0 or 5.0% of
a low molecular weight solid DGEBPA- based epoxy
resin (EPON 1001) in their diets for 26
weeks.(29) In another study, rats fed an
unspecified DGEBPA-based epoxy resin at
concentrations up to 3% of the diet for 3 months
showed no systemic toxicity. Animals at the
highest dose rejected the diet and showed signs
of malnutrition.(2,12)
|
- Skin Sensitization:
- Female guinea pigs
(20/group) were exposed to DGEBPA-based epoxy resins
of different molecular weights. The animals were
sensitized using the Guinea Pig Maximization Test,
both with and without Freund's adjuvant. Sensitization
was observed in 11/20 and 6/20 animals exposed to the
epoxy resins with molecular weights of 900 and 1280,
respectively. The authors speculated that these higher
molecular weight DGEBPA-based epoxy resins may have
contained decreasing amounts of a lower molecular
weight epoxy resin which sensitized a large percentage
of the animals tested.(22) As a follow-up to the above
study, guinea pigs were tested for dermal
sensitization to various isolated oligomers of DGEBPA.
The oligomers tested ranged in molecular weights from
340 to 1192. The Guinea Pig Maximization Test was
used. The oligomer with a molecular weight of 624
produced a reaction in 56-60% (10/18 and 6/10) of the
animals. Of the animals sensitized with the molecular
weight 624 oligomer, 30% showed cross reactions to the
molecular weight 340 oligomer. Animals induced with
the molecular weight 908 oligomer showed no positive
responses, but one animal showed a cross-reaction to
the molecular weight 624 oligomer. Animals induced
with the molecular weight 1192 oligomer showed no
sensitivity or cross-reactivity. Gel permeation
chromatography showed that resin mixtures of higher
average molecular weight (e.g. 900, 1280 and 1850)
also contain molecular weight 340 and 624
oligomers.(27)
- Carcinogenicity:
- The International Agency
for Research on Cancer (IARC) has reviewed the
available studies and determined that there is limited
evidence for the carcinogenicity of DGEBPA in
experimental animals.(9,45)
- In one study, mice were
dermally exposed to 15 or 75 mg/week (3
applications/week) of a modified commercial resin of
DGEBPA in acetone for two years. A weak carcinogenic
response (skin) was observed in one strain of mice
tested.(6) It was subsequently reported that the resin
sample used contained a high percentage of
contaminants (including epichlorohydrin, a known
carcinogen). Therefore, no conclusions can be drawn
from this study. In a follow-up study, 3 comparable
DGEBPA-based epoxy resins were evaluated following a
similar study design. None of the resins produced skin
or systemic tumours in the test animals.(2,12) Other
studies with mice have either not shown a carcinogenic
response following oral or dermal exposure to various
DGEBPA-based epoxy resins, or have had limitations in
the study design which do not allow conclusions to be
drawn.(1,2,5,7,8,12)
- Teratogenicity,
Embryotoxicity and/or Fetotoxicity:
- Studies involving the
monomer or low molecular weight DGEBPA-based epoxy
resins (Araldite GY 250 and TK 10490) have not shown
teratogenicity, fetotoxicity and embryotoxicity in
rats and rabbits exposed orally or dermally, even at
maternally toxic doses.(2,12,23)
- Reproductive
Toxicity:
- No reproductive effects
were observed in male or female rats in a study using
low molecular weight DGEBPA-based epoxy resins
(Araldite GY 250 and TK 10490).(2,12)
- Mutagenicity:
-
The available information
indicates that low molecular weight solid DGEBPA-based
epoxy resins are not mutagenic.
Negative results have been
obtained following oral or dermal exposure to an
unspecified DGEBPA-based epoxy resin in tests involving
live animals (body fluid analysis, bone marrow
micronucleus test and dominant lethal test).(2,26
A low molecular weight
solid DGEBPA-based epoxy resin (EPIKOTE 1001) produced
positive results in cultured mammalian cells (chromosome
damage and neoplastic transformation).(3) Positive results
have also been observed for a low molecular weight solid
DGEBPA-based epoxy resins in bacteria.(3,30,31)
Section 16. Other Information
- Selected Bibliography:
- (1) Weil, C.S., et al.
Experimental carcinogenicity and acute toxicity of
representative epoxides. American Industrial Hygiene
Journal. Vol. 24 (July-Aug. 1963). p. 305-325
(2)
Gardiner, T.H., et al. Glycidyloxy compounds used in
epoxy resin systems: a toxicology review. Regulatory
Toxicology and Pharmacology. Vol. 15, no. 2 (Apr. 1992).
Part 2 of 2. p. S1-S77
(3) Brooks, T.M., et al.
Toxicity studies with epoxy resins: in vitro
genotoxicity studies with and diglycidyl ether of
bisphenol A, EPIKOTE 828, EPIKOTE 1001 AND EPIKOTE 1007.
Shell Oil Company, Apr. 1981. EPA/OTS 87-8210037.
NTIS/OTS844003A.
(4) Review of toxicology on epoxy
resins based on bisphenol A with attachment and cover
sheet. Shell Oil Company, Dec. 1986. EPA/OTS
86-880000295. NTIS/OTS0514177.
(5) Hine, C.H., et al.
An investigation of the oncogenic activity of two
representative epoxy resins. Cancer Research. Vol. 18
(Jan. 1958). p. 20-26
(6) Holland, J.M., et al.
Epidermal carcinogenicity of bis(2,3-
epoxycyclopentyl)ether,
2,2-bis(p-glycidyloxyphenyl)propane, and
m-phenylenediamine in male and female C3H and C57BL/6
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1718-1725
(7) Peristianis, G.C., et al. Two-year
carcinogenicity study on three aromatic epoxy resins
applied cutaneously to CF1 mice. Food and chemical
toxicology. Vol. 26, no. 7 (1988). p. 611-624
(8)
Zakova, N., et al. Evaluation of skin carcinogenicity of
technical 2,2-bis-(p-glycidyloxyphenyl)-propane in CF1
mice. Food and chemical toxicology. Vol. 23, no. 12
(1985). p. 1081-1089
(9) International Agency for
Research on Cancer (IARC). Some glycidyl ethers. In:
IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks
to humans: some organic solvents, resin monomers and
related compounds, pigments and occupational exposures
in paint manufacture and painting. Vol. 47. World Health
Organization, 1989. p. 237-261
(10) Tomizawa, T., et
al. Scleroderma-like skin changes observed among workers
handling epoxy resins. Proceeding of the XV
International Congress of Dermatology, Mexico City, Oct.
16-21, 1977. p. 271-275
(11) Cragle, D., et al. An
occupational morbidity study of a population potentially
exposed to epoxy resins, hardeners and solvents. Applied
Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. Vol. 7, no. 12
(Dec., 1992). p. 826-834
(12) Waechter, J.M., Jr., et
al. Epoxy compounds - aromatic diglycidyl ethers,
polyglycidyl ethers, glycidyl esters, and miscellaneous
epoxy compounds. In: Patty's toxicology. 5th ed. Edited
by E. Bingham, et al. Vol. 6. John Wiley and Sons, 2001.
p. 1087-1145
(13) Jolanki, R., et al. Occupational
dermatoses from epoxy resin compounds. Contact
Dermatitis. Vol. 23 (1990). p. 172-183
(14) Jolanki,
R. Occupational skin diseases from epoxy compounds.
Epoxy resin compounds, epoxy acrylates, and
2,3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. Acta
Dermato-Venereologica. Suppl. 159 (1991). p.
1-80
(15) Niinimaki, A., et al. An outbreak of epoxy
dermatitis in insulation workers at an electrical power
station. Dermatosen. Vol. 31, no. 1 (1983). p.
23-25
(16) Fregert, S., et al. Patch testing with low
molecular oligomers of epoxy resins in humans. Contact
Dermatitis. Vol. 3 (1977). p. 301-303
(17) Kanerva,
L., et al. A single accidental exposure may result in a
chemical burn, primary sensitization and allergic
contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis. Vol. 31, no. 4
(Oct. 1994). p. 229-235
(18) Burrows, D., et al.
Contact dermatitis from epoxy resins,
tetraglycidal-4,4'-methylene dianiline and o-diglycidyl
phthalate in composite material. Contact Dermatitis.
Vol. 11, no. 2 (Aug. 1984). p. 80-82
(19) Bokelund,
F., et al. Sensitization from epoxy resin powder of high
molecular weight. Contact Dermatitis. Vol. 6, no. 2
(1980). p. 144
(20) Kanerva, L., et al. Immediate and
delayed allergy from epoxy resins based on diglycidyl
ether of bisphenol A. Scandinavian Journal of Work,
Environment and Health. Vol. 17, no. 3 (Mar. 1991). p.
208-215
(21) Four-hour acute dust inhalation study in
rats with Epon resin 2002 with cover letter. Shell Oil
Company, Sept. 2, 1982. EPA/OTS 87-8213823.
NTIS/OTS84003A.
(22) Thorgeirsson, A., et al.
Allergenicity of epoxy resins in the guinea pig. Acta
Dermato-Venereologica. Vol. 57, no. 3 (1977). p.
253-256
(23) Breslin, W.J., et al. Teratogenic
evaluation of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBPA)
in New Zealand white rabbits following dermal exposure.
Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. Vol. 10, no. 4 (May
1988). p. 736-743
(24) Mitelman, F., et al.
Occupational exposure to epoxy resins has no cytogenetic
effect. Mutation Research. Vol. 77, no. 4 (1980). p.
345-348
(25) de Jong, G., et al. Cytogenetic
monitoring of industrial populations potentially exposed
to genotoxic chemicals and of control populations.
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(26)
Pullen, T.G. Integrated mutagenicity testing program on
several epoxy compounds. Dow Chemical Company, Dec.
1977. EPA/OTS 87-8214859. EPA/NTIS 0206671.
(27)
Thorgeirsson, A., et al. Sensitization capacity of epoxy
resin oligomers in the guinea pig. Acta
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(28)
Grandjean, E. The danger of dermatoses due to
cold-setting ethoxyline resins (epoxide resins). British
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1-4
(29) Hine, C.H., et al. The toxicology of epoxy
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(30)
Nishioka, H., et al. Mutagenicity of epoxide resins:
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(31) Hemminki, K., et al. Comparison of
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(32) Hanaoka,
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concentrations in male workers exposed to bisphenol A
diglycidyl ether and mixed organic solvents.
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(Sept. 2002). p. 635-628
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(34) McAdams, L.V., et al. Epoxy resins.
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(35)
Muskopf, J.W., et al. Epoxy resins. In: Ullmann's
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Kanerva, L., et al. Latent (subclinical) contact
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-
- Information on chemicals
reviewed in the CHEMINFO database is drawn from a number
of publicly available sources. A list of general
references used to compile CHEMINFO records is available
in the database Help.
| Review/Preparation
Date:
2004-06-18 | ____________________________________________________
-
-
-
www.biolreprod.org/cgi/
rapidpdf/biolreprod.104.029249v1.pdf
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______________________________________________________
STEWARDSHIP ®ULATORY CONTRA -- EPON RESIN 828
=======================================================
MSDS Safety Information
=======================================================
FSC: 8030
NIIN: 00-086-1506
MSDS Date: 06/01/2000
MSDS Num: CLGBS
Product ID: EPON RESIN 828
MFN: 04
Responsible Party
Cage: UO525
Address: SHELL EPOXY RESINS LLC,
Box: 4320
City: HOUSTON, TX. TX 77210-4320
Info Phone Number: (281)544-7251
Emergency Phone Number: 800-424-9300
Preparer's Name: ERNEST CARTER
Chemtrec IND/Phone: (800)424-9300
Review Ind: Y
Published: Y
=======================================================
Contractor Summary
=======================================================
Cage: UO525
Address: SHELL EPOXY RESINS LLC,
Box: 4320
City: HOUSTON, TX. TX 77210-4320
Phone: (281)544-7251
=======================================================
Item Description Information
=======================================================
Item Manager: GSA
Item Name: RESIN COATING,THERMOSETTING
Unit of Issue: PT
UI Container Qty: 1
=======================================================
Ingredients
=======================================================
Cas: 25068-38-6
RTECS #: CE6880000
Name: BISPHENOL A-EPICHLOROHYDRIN EPOXY RESIN
Percent by Wt: 100.
=======================================================
Health Hazards Data
=======================================================
LD50 LC50 Mixture: NONE
Route Of Entry Inds - Inhalation: YES
Skin: YES
Ingestion: YES
Effects of Exposure: INHALATION: THIS MATERIAL DOES NOT NORMALLY PRESENT AN
INHALATION HAZARD, HOWEVER, IN APPLICATIONS WHERE VAPORS (CAUSED BY HIGH
TEMPERATURE) OR MISTS (CAUSED BY MIXING) ARE CREATED, BREATHING MAY CAUS E A
MILD BURNING SENSATION IN THE NOSE, THROAT AND LUNGS. EYE CONTACT: MAY CAUSE
TEMPORARY DISCOMFORT OR INHALATION TO THE EYE. SKIN CONTACT: MAY BE SLIGHTLY
IRRITATING TO THE SKIN. INGESTION: NOT E XPECTED TO BE RELEVANT ROUTE OF
EXPOSURE.
Explanation Of Carcinogenicity: NONE
First Aid: INHALATION: MOVE VICTIM TO FRESH AIR. SKIN: IF CONTACT WITH HOT
MATERIAL, COOL THE BURN AREA BY FLUSHING WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF WATER. WIPE
OFF EXCESS MATERIAL FROM EXPOSED AREA. FLUSH EXPOSED AREA WI TH WATER AND
FOLLOW BY WASHING WITH SOAP IF AVAILABLE. EYE: COOL THE EXPOSED AREA BY
FLUSHING WITH LARGE AMOUNTS OF WATER. FLUSH EYES WITH WATER WHILE HOLDING
EYELIDS OPEN, REST EYES FOR 30 MINUTES. I F REDNESS, BURNING, BLURRED VISION
OR SWELLING PERSIST, CONSULT A PHYSICIAN. INGESTION: HAVE VICTIM RINSE MOUTH
OUT WITH WATER. THEN DRINK SIPS OF WATER TO REMOVE TASTE FROM MOUTH.
=======================================================
Handling and Disposal
=======================================================
Spill Release Procedures: WEAR APPROPRIATE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT WHEN
RESPONDING TO SPILLS. REFER TO SECTION 8. USE CAUTIOUS JUDGMENT WHEN CLEANING
UP LARGE SPILLS. REMOVE WITH VACUUM TRUCKS OR PUMP TO STORAGE/SALVAGE
VESSELS. SOAK UP RESIDUE WITH AN ABSORBENT SUCH AS CLAY, SAND OR OTHER
SUITABLE MATERIAL AND DISPOSE OF PROPERTY. FLUSH AREA WITH WATER TO REMOVE
TRACE RESIDUE. PLACE IN CONTAINER FOR PROPER DISPOSAL.
Neutralizing Agent: NONE
Waste Disposal Methods: NONE
Handling And Storage Precautions: THIS RESIN MAY BE HANDLED, SHIPPED AND STORED
AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE IN BULK. THE RECOMMENDED PUMPING TEMPERATURE IS 180
F. AVOIS CONTACT WITH HOT LIQUID TO PREVENT THERMAL BURNS.
Other Precautions: NONE
=======================================================
Fire and Explosion Hazard Information
=======================================================
Flash Point Method: PMCC
Flash Point: =248.9C, 480.F
Autoignition Temp Text: NONE
Lower Limits: NONE
Upper Limits: NONE
Extinguishing Media: USE WATER FOG, FOAM, DRY CHEMICAL OR CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)
TO EXTINGUISH FLAMES.
Fire Fighting Procedures: MATERIAL WILL NOT BURN UNLESS PREHEATED. CLEAR FIRE
AREA OF ALL NON-EMERGENCY PERSONNEL. DO NOT ENTER CONFINED FIRE SPACE WITHOUT
FUUL BUNKER GEAR INCLUDING NIOSH APPROVED SCBA. COOL SURROUNDING EQUI PMENT,
EXPOSED CONTAINERS, STRUCTURES WITH WATER.
Unusual Fire/Explosion Hazard: NONE
=======================================================
Control Measures
=======================================================
Respiratory Protection: NONE
Ventilation: NONE
Protective Gloves: MAY INCLUDE GLOVES BOOTS SUITS AND OTHER ITEMS.
Eye Protection: CHEMICAL GOGGLES, IF LIQUID CONTACT IS LIKELY, OR SAFETY
GLASSES.
Other Protective Equipment: NONE
Work Hygienic Practices: NONE
Supplemental Safety and Health: NONE
=======================================================
Physical/Chemical Properties
=======================================================
Boiling Point: =260.C, 500.F
M.P/F.P Text: NONE
Decomp Text: NONE
Vapor Pres: 0.03 @ 77 C
Spec Gravity: 1.17
Solubility in Water: NEGLIGIBLE
Appearance and Odor: CLEAR VISCOUS LIQUID.
=======================================================
Reactivity Data
=======================================================
Stability Indicator: YES AN CAUSE VIOLENT ERUPTIONS,
Stability Condition To Avoid: AVOID HIGH TEMPERATURES.
Materials To Avoid: CAN REACT VIGOUROUSLY WITH STRONG OXIDIZING AGENTS, STRONG
LEWIS OR MINERAL ACIDS, AND STRONG MINERAL AND ORGANIC BASES. AVOID CONTACT
WITH WATER OR LIQUIDS. DO NOT ALLOW MOLTEN MATERIAL TO CONTACT WATER OR
LIQUIDS AS THIS
Hazardous Decomposition Products: NONE
Hazardous Polymerization Indicator: NO
Conditions To Avoid Polymerization: NONE
=======================================================
Regulatory Information
=======================================================
Sara Title III Information: SUPERFUND AMENDMENT & REAUTHORIZATION ACT
(SARA) TITLE 111: SARA HAZARD CATEGORIES (311/312): DELAYED (CHRONIC) HEALTH
HAZARD.
Federal Regulatory Information: TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACTS (TSCA) STATUS:
THIS MATERIAL IS LISTED ON THE EPA/TSCA INVENTORY OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES.
State Regulatory Information: THE FOLLOWING CHEMICALS ARE SPECIFICALLY LISTED
BY INDIVIDUAL STATES; OTHER PRODUCT SPECIFIC HEALTH AND SAFETY DATA IN OTHER
SECTIONS OF THE MSDS MAY ALSO BE APPLICABLE FOR STATE REQUIREMENTS. FOR D
ETAILS ON YOUR REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS YOU SHOULD CONTACT THE APPROPRIATE
AGENCY IN YOUR STATE.
=======================================================
HAZCOM Label
=======================================================
Product ID: EPON RESIN 828
Cage: UO525
Assigned IND: Y
Street: SHELL EPOXY RESINS LLC,
PO Box: 4320
City: HOUSTON, TX. TX
Zipcode: 77210-4320
Health Emergency Phone: 800-424-9300
Label Required IND: Y
Date Of Label Review: 06/29/2001
Status Code: A
Origination Code: G
Hazard And Precautions: INHALATION: THIS MATERIAL DOES NOT NORMALLY PRESENT AN
INHALATION HAZARD, HOWEVER, IN APPLICATIONS WHERE VAPORS (CAUSED BY HIGH
TEMPERATURE) OR MISTS (CAUSED BY MIXING) ARE CREATED, BREATHING MAY CAUS E A
MILD BURNING SENSATION IN THE NOSE, THROAT AND LUNGS. EYE CONTACT: MAY CAUSE
TEMPORARY DISCOMFORT OR INHALATION TO THE EYE. SKIN CONTACT: MAY BE SLIGHTLY
IRRITATING TO THE SKIN. INGESTION: NOT E XPECTED TO BE RELEVANT ROUTE OF
EXPOSURE.
=======================================================
Disclaimer (provided with this information by the compiling agencies): This
information is formulated for use by elements of the Department of Defense.
The United States of America in no manner whatsoever expressly or implied
warrants, states, or intends said information to have any application, use or
viability by or to any person or persons outside the Department of Defense
nor any person or persons contracting with any instrumentality of the United
States of America and disclaims all liability for such use. Any person
utilizing this instruction who is not a military or civilian employee of the
United States of America should seek competent professional advice to verify
and assume responsibility for the suitability of this information to their
particular situation regardless of similarity to a corresponding Department
of Defense or other government situation. http://kauai.hawaii.edu/msds/files/clg/clgbs.html EPON Resin 828 Shell Company MSDS from http://grover.mirc.gatech.edu/data/msds/410.pdf
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